Edge Impulse Like I'm 5

Edge Impulse Like I'm 5 cover

So you trained a model on Edge Impulse.

Now it's time to run it on your board.

And you're having a hard time...

You open the default esp32 example sketch and boom!

See source

/* Edge Impulse Arduino examples
 * Copyright (c) 2022 EdgeImpulse Inc.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */

/* Includes ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
#include <esp32-cam-object-detection_inferencing.h>
#include "edge-impulse-sdk/dsp/image/image.hpp"

#include "esp_camera.h"

// Select camera model - find more camera models in camera_pins.h file here
// https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/libraries/ESP32/examples/Camera/CameraWebServer/camera_pins.h

#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE // Has PSRAM
//#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER // Has PSRAM

#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM   -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM    4
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM    18
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM    23

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM      36
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM      37
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM      38
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM      39
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM      35
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM      14
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM      13
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM      34
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM   5
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM    27
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM    25

#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

#else
#error "Camera model not selected"
#endif

/* Constant defines -------------------------------------------------------- */
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS           320
#define EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS           240
#define EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE                 3

/* Private variables ------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool debug_nn = false; // Set this to true to see e.g. features generated from the raw signal
static bool is_initialised = false;
uint8_t *snapshot_buf; //points to the output of the capture

static camera_config_t camera_config = {
    .pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM,

    .pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM,
    .pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM,

    //XCLK 20MHz or 10MHz for OV2640 double FPS (Experimental)
    .xclk_freq_hz = 20000000,
    .ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0,
    .ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,

    .pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG, //YUV422,GRAYSCALE,RGB565,JPEG
    .frame_size = FRAMESIZE_QVGA,    //QQVGA-UXGA Do not use sizes above QVGA when not JPEG

    .jpeg_quality = 12, //0-63 lower number means higher quality
    .fb_count = 1,       //if more than one, i2s runs in continuous mode. Use only with JPEG
    .fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_PSRAM,
    .grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_WHEN_EMPTY,
};

/* Function definitions ------------------------------------------------------- */
bool ei_camera_init(void);
void ei_camera_deinit(void);
bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) ;

/**
* @brief      Arduino setup function
*/
void setup()
{
    // put your setup code here, to run once:
    Serial.begin(115200);
    //comment out the below line to start inference immediately after upload
    while (!Serial);
    Serial.println("Edge Impulse Inferencing Demo");
    if (ei_camera_init() == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to initialize Camera!\r\n");
    }
    else {
        ei_printf("Camera initialized\r\n");
    }

    ei_printf("\nStarting continious inference in 2 seconds...\n");
    ei_sleep(2000);
}

/**
* @brief      Get data and run inferencing
*
* @param[in]  debug  Get debug info if true
*/
void loop()
{

    // instead of wait_ms, we'll wait on the signal, this allows threads to cancel us...
    if (ei_sleep(5) != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
        return;
    }

    snapshot_buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS * EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS * EI_CAMERA_FRAME_BYTE_SIZE);

    // check if allocation was successful
    if(snapshot_buf == nullptr) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to allocate snapshot buffer!\n");
        return;
    }

    ei::signal_t signal;
    signal.total_length = EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH * EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT;
    signal.get_data = &ei_camera_get_data;

    if (ei_camera_capture((size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_WIDTH, (size_t)EI_CLASSIFIER_INPUT_HEIGHT, snapshot_buf) == false) {
        ei_printf("Failed to capture image\r\n");
        free(snapshot_buf);
        return;
    }

    // Run the classifier
    ei_impulse_result_t result = { 0 };

    EI_IMPULSE_ERROR err = run_classifier(&signal, &result, debug_nn);
    if (err != EI_IMPULSE_OK) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Failed to run classifier (%d)\n", err);
        return;
    }

    // print the predictions
    ei_printf("Predictions (DSP: %d ms., Classification: %d ms., Anomaly: %d ms.): \n",
                result.timing.dsp, result.timing.classification, result.timing.anomaly);

#if EI_CLASSIFIER_OBJECT_DETECTION == 1
    bool bb_found = result.bounding_boxes[0].value > 0;
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < result.bounding_boxes_count; ix++) {
        auto bb = result.bounding_boxes[ix];
        if (bb.value == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        ei_printf("    %s (%f) [ x: %u, y: %u, width: %u, height: %u ]\n", bb.label, bb.value, bb.x, bb.y, bb.width, bb.height);
    }
    if (!bb_found) {
        ei_printf("    No objects found\n");
    }
#else
    for (size_t ix = 0; ix < EI_CLASSIFIER_LABEL_COUNT; ix++) {
        ei_printf("    %s: %.5f\n", result.classification[ix].label,
                                    result.classification[ix].value);
    }
#endif

#if EI_CLASSIFIER_HAS_ANOMALY == 1
        ei_printf("    anomaly score: %.3f\n", result.anomaly);
#endif


    free(snapshot_buf);

}

/**
 * @brief   Setup image sensor & start streaming
 *
 * @retval  false if initialisation failed
 */
bool ei_camera_init(void) {

    if (is_initialised) return true;

#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
  pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);
#endif

    //initialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&camera_config);
    if (err != ESP_OK) {
      Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x\n", err);
      return false;
    }

    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    // initial sensors are flipped vertically and colors are a bit saturated
    if (s->id.PID == OV3660_PID) {
      s->set_vflip(s, 1); // flip it back
      s->set_brightness(s, 1); // up the brightness just a bit
      s->set_saturation(s, 0); // lower the saturation
    }

#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)
    s->set_vflip(s, 1);
    s->set_hmirror(s, 1);
    s->set_awb_gain(s, 1);
#endif

    is_initialised = true;
    return true;
}

/**
 * @brief      Stop streaming of sensor data
 */
void ei_camera_deinit(void) {

    //deinitialize the camera
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_deinit();

    if (err != ESP_OK)
    {
        ei_printf("Camera deinit failed\n");
        return;
    }

    is_initialised = false;
    return;
}


/**
 * @brief      Capture, rescale and crop image
 *
 * @param[in]  img_width     width of output image
 * @param[in]  img_height    height of output image
 * @param[in]  out_buf       pointer to store output image, NULL may be used
 *                           if ei_camera_frame_buffer is to be used for capture and resize/cropping.
 *
 * @retval     false if not initialised, image captured, rescaled or cropped failed
 *
 */
bool ei_camera_capture(uint32_t img_width, uint32_t img_height, uint8_t *out_buf) {
    bool do_resize = false;

    if (!is_initialised) {
        ei_printf("ERR: Camera is not initialized\r\n");
        return false;
    }

    camera_fb_t *fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

    if (!fb) {
        ei_printf("Camera capture failed\n");
        return false;
    }

   bool converted = fmt2rgb888(fb->buf, fb->len, PIXFORMAT_JPEG, snapshot_buf);

   esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

   if(!converted){
       ei_printf("Conversion failed\n");
       return false;
   }

    if ((img_width != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS)
        || (img_height != EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS)) {
        do_resize = true;
    }

    if (do_resize) {
        ei::image::processing::crop_and_interpolate_rgb888(
        out_buf,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_COLS,
        EI_CAMERA_RAW_FRAME_BUFFER_ROWS,
        out_buf,
        img_width,
        img_height);
    }


    return true;
}

static int ei_camera_get_data(size_t offset, size_t length, float *out_ptr)
{
    // we already have a RGB888 buffer, so recalculate offset into pixel index
    size_t pixel_ix = offset * 3;
    size_t pixels_left = length;
    size_t out_ptr_ix = 0;

    while (pixels_left != 0) {
        out_ptr[out_ptr_ix] = (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix] << 16) + (snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 1] << 8) + snapshot_buf[pixel_ix + 2];

        // go to the next pixel
        out_ptr_ix++;
        pixel_ix+=3;
        pixels_left--;
    }
    // and done!
    return 0;
}

#if !defined(EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR) || EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR != EI_CLASSIFIER_SENSOR_CAMERA
#error "Invalid model for current sensor"
#endif
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352 lines of nonsense code.

Good luck making changes and integrating object detection in your own project.

There must be a better way, right?

Eloquent Edge Impulse

Yes, there's a better way. It is called Eloquent Edge Impulse and it's a library I wrote. Thanks to this library, running Edge Impulse models has never been (and arguably will never be) easier!

Here's a general purpose sketch that runs EI models on data you paste in the Serial Monitor. It can handle regression, classification and object detection.

See source

Filename: EdgeImpulse_Serial.ino

/**
 * Run Edge Impulse model by pasting
 * features into Serial Monitor
 */
#include <your_ei_model_inferencing.h>
#include <eloquent_edgeimpulse.h>

using eloq::edgeimpulse::impulse;


void setup() {
    delay(3000);
    Serial.begin(115200);
    Serial.println("__EDGE IMPULSE SERIAL__");
    Serial.print("Paste your feature vector in the Serial Monitor");
    Serial.print(" (expecting ");
    Serial.print(impulse.numInputs);
    Serial.println(" comma-separated values)");
}


void loop() {
    if (!Serial.available())
        return;

    // fill impulse buffer
    for (int i = 0; i < impulse.numInputs; i++)
        impulse.buffer.push(Serial.readStringUntil(',').toFloat());

    // run regression model (only choose one)
    if (!impulse.regression().isOk()) {
        Serial.println(impulse.exception.toString());
        return;
    }

    // run classification model (only choose one)
    if (!impulse.classify().isOk()) {
        Serial.println(impulse.exception.toString());
        return;
    }

    // run object detection model (only choose one)
    if (!impulse.detectObjects().isOk()) {
        Serial.println(impulse.exception.toString());
        return;
    }

    // if regression
    Serial.print("Predicted value: ");
    Serial.println(impulse.y());

    // if classification
    Serial.print("Predicted class: ");
    Serial.print(impulse.idx());
    Serial.print(", label: ");
    Serial.println(impulse.label());

    // if object detection
    Serial.print("Objects found: ");
    Serial.println(impulse.count());

    impulse.forEach([](int i, ei_impulse_result_bounding_box_t bbox) {

    });

    // you can access the inner result object for more control
    // impulse.result

    // debug detailed info
    impulse.debugTo(Serial);
    impulse.buffer.clear();
    Serial.println();
}
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Much easier, right?

Eloquent Edge Impulse Object Detection

If your project uses the ESP32 camera and you want to run object detection, you must read my article on this very topic. Here's the link: https://eloquentarduino.com/posts/esp32-cam-object-detection

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